1. Variations in Psychological Attributes

Individuals differ significantly in their psychological attributes, such as intelligence, aptitude, interests, and temperament. Understanding these variations is crucial in psychology. Intelligence, for example, is assessed through standardized tests and is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Aptitudes predict future performance, while personality traits describe enduring patterns of thought, feeling, and behavior.

2. Self and Personality

The self refers to an individual's sense of identity and personal uniqueness. Personality encompasses the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that distinguish one individual from another. Various theories, such as psychodynamic, trait, and humanistic approaches, attempt to explain the development and structure of personality, providing frameworks for understanding individual differences.